Home mining in Moscow, the Moscow region, and certain municipal districts of the Kursk region has been completely banned as of August 15: it is now prohibited to mine cryptocurrency in these regions, even on small setups in an apartment, garage, or country house.
What Has Changed for Moscow and the Moscow Region
The restrictions affected not only registered businesses but also private owners of small farms. This was reported by Rufat Abyazov, founder and CEO of GBIG Holdings.
According to him, the new rules apply to several groups at once, and the consequences will be different for each. The largest and most vulnerable category is private miners who kept two or three setups at home. Previously, such activity remained legal if monthly consumption did not exceed 6,000 kilowatt-hours. After August 15, mining in Moscow and the region is completely prohibited, regardless of volume.
“Three different categories fall under the restriction, and the consequences are different for everyone. Home miners are the largest group and the most vulnerable. We are talking about people who keep two or three setups in an apartment, on a balcony, in a garage, or at a country house. Until now, such mining was legal if the limit of 6,000 kWh per month was observed. From August 15 in Moscow and the region, it is illegal in any amount,” said Rufat Abyazov.
The main problem with this format of mining is the load on ordinary household networks. Apartment wiring is not designed to operate equipment in a mode close to industrial, especially around the clock. The main risks here are quite practical:
- High load on household electrical networks.
- Risk of overheating and overloading the wiring.
- Fire hazard for the equipment owner and neighbors.
Who Else Is Affected by the Ban
The new restrictions also apply to miners who were registered with the Federal Tax Service and paid taxes. For them, there are two options: stop the equipment or move it outside the region where the ban applies.
Operators of mining infrastructure were hit separately. This refers to sites that, for a fee, hosted clients’ equipment: mining hotels, hosting providers, and owners of hangars with connected electrical capacity. For such companies, the ban essentially means ceasing operations in the relevant territory.
Where Mining Is Already Banned
According to current restrictions, the picture looks like this:
- Dagestan, North Ossetia, Ingushetia, Chechnya, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, LPR, DPR, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions — from January 1, 2025, to March 15, 2031 — a complete ban on cryptocurrency mining.
- Southern Irkutsk region, most districts of Zabaykalsky Krai and Buryatia — until March 15, 2031 — year-round restrictions.
Thus, the ban covers both private cryptocurrency mining, including bitcoin, and professional sites that serviced owners of mining equipment.
What Counts as Home Mining
Home mining is the extraction of cryptocurrency on equipment installed in an apartment, garage, private house, or country house. For this scheme, you usually need the device itself for calculations, stable power, cooling, internet, a mining program, a crypto wallet, and a pool connection if the miner is not working solo.
The choice of equipment depends on the budget and goal:
- A regular PC is only suitable for getting acquainted with the process: investments are minimal, but efficiency is usually low.
- Video cards are more flexible: they can be configured for different coins and algorithms, but profitability strongly depends on equipment and electricity prices.
- ASIC miners are designed for specific algorithms and provide more power, but are more expensive, noisy, hot, and harder to pay off at home.
The basic setup looks like this: assemble and connect the equipment, install the mining program, choose a coin and pool, enter the wallet address, check temperature, consumption, and stability of operation.
How to Calculate Income and Payback
The profitability of home mining is not calculated by “average profit” but by a specific combination of equipment, electricity tariff, and coin. The simplified formula is: net profit per day = income from mined cryptocurrency per day minus the cost of electricity per day. The monthly result can be estimated by multiplying the daily net profit by the number of days the equipment operates.
The result is influenced by:
- Equipment power: the higher the hashrate, the greater the miner’s share in network or pool calculations.
- Electricity price: at a high tariff, even a powerful farm may operate with minimal profit or at a loss.
- Cryptocurrency rate: an increase in the rate increases revenue in rubles, a decrease reduces it.
- Network difficulty: the higher the competition among miners, the lower the yield at the same power.
- Pool fees and downtime: these reduce the final income.
Payback is calculated as follows: the cost of equipment and related expenses is divided by the expected net profit per month. If the farm was purchased for one amount, and each month after paying for electricity brings another, the payback period equals the costs divided by the monthly net profit.
The logic is the same for mining 1 bitcoin: the period depends on the equipment’s hashrate, network difficulty, and chosen method of operation. On a home setup without large power, mining a whole bitcoin solo can take an extremely long time, so many miners work through a pool and receive a share of the total reward.
Legality, Risks, and Ways to Operate in 2024-2025
Outside territories with a complete ban, the key guidelines for a home miner remain regional restrictions, consumption limits, and tax requirements. If a ban is introduced in the region, the equipment must be stopped or moved outside its borders.
Main risks for a private miner:
- Legal: violation of regional ban, consumption limits, or tax requirements.
- Technical: equipment overheating, wiring overload, noise, and constant load on the network.
- Financial: cryptocurrency rate drop, network difficulty increase, long payback period, and repair costs.
In 2024-2025, it is worth engaging in home mining only after calculating electricity, payback, and the legal regime in your region. In Moscow, the Moscow region, and the listed territories with a ban, this format is unavailable; in other regions, the decision depends on costs, equipment, and willingness to accept technical and financial risks.
There are three main ways to mine:
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- Solo mining: the miner works alone and receives a reward only when independently finding a block; the chance depends on their share of the total network power.
- Pool mining: participants combine power and share the reward proportionally, so payouts are usually more stable.
- Cloud mining: the user rents power from a third-party service but depends on the terms of the contract, fees, and reliability of the platform.
